7^th World Summit on Neonatal Nursing and Health Care October 18-18, 2022 Amsterdam, Netherlands

The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has specialist medical staff and equipment to care for premature and sick new-born babies. This part of the hospital is sometimes called the intensive care nursery or new-born intensive care unit.

When babies no longer need the high level of care offered in the NICU, they may be transferred to the special care nursery or special care baby unit. The NICU has highly trained staff and advanced life support equipment designed to meet the unique needs of new-born babies. Not all maternity hospitals have a NICU, so you may need to travel to a different hospital.

Babies may need to spend time in a NICU :

• They are premature (born before 37 weeks gestation)
• There were complications during delivery
• There are complications such as breathing problems, infections, birth defects or the baby needs surgery
• They have a low birth weight (less than 2.5 kg)

Nursing education refers to formal learning and training in the science of nursing. This includes the functions and duties in the physical care of patients, and a combination of different disciplines that both accelerates the patient's return to health and helps maintain it.

Nursing Roles are included:

• Record medical history and symptoms
• Collaborate with teams to plan for patient care
• Advocate for the health and wellbeing of patients
• Monitor patient health and record signs
• Administer medications and treatments
• Operate medical equipment
• Perform diagnostic tests.

Telemedicine & E-health offer indispensable tools for home health care, remote patient monitoring, disease management, and advances in technology for medical centres, practitioners, and hospitals not only for rural health and battlefield care, but also for nursing home, assisted living facilities, maritime and aviation settings. E-health includes the use of the internet or other electronic media. Telemedicine is the use of advanced telecommunication and information technologies in order to provide clinical health care at a distance. It helps to eliminate distance barriers and can improve access to medical services that would often not be consistently available in distant rural communities. It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations.

An obstetrician specializes in obstetrics, which deals with all aspects of pregnancy, from prenatal care to post-natal care. An obstetrician delivers babies, whereas a gynaecologist does not. An obstetrician can also provide therapies to help you get pregnant, such as fertility treatments. If you deliver a premature baby, an obstetrician can also provide guidance in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). An obstetrician will ensure you have a healthy pregnancy and that you deliver a healthy baby.

A gynaecologist specializes in caring for the reproductive health of a woman from the time she gets her first period all the way to post-menopause. Any conditions that affect the reproductive system, such as those with the cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, or vagina, are diagnosed and treated by a gynaecologist. Gynaecologists also perform recommended screenings such as breast exams, pap smears, and pelvic exams. They also perform hysterectomies and tubal ligations. A gynaecologist can also provide human papillomavirus (HPV) shots to protect against cancer-causing HPV.

Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure. ... Physical activity includes exercise as well as other activities which involve bodily movement and are done as part of playing, working, active transportation, house chores and recreational activities.

Physical activity or exercise can improve your health and reduce the risk of developing several diseases like type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Physical activity and exercise can have immediate and long-term health benefits. Most importantly, regular activity can improve your quality of life.

Nutrition:
The process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism, and repair. Nutritional stages are ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, assimilation, and excretion.

There are 6 essential nutrients that the body needs to function properly. Nutrients are compounds in foods essential to life and health, providing us with energy, the building blocks for repair and growth and substances necessary to regulate chemical processes.

There are six major nutrients: Carbohydrates (CHO), Lipids (fats), Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water.

Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It's a medical problem that increases the risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers and obesity is generally caused by eating too much and moving too little. If you consume high amounts of energy, particularly fat and sugars, but do not burn off the energy through exercise and physical activity, much of the surplus energy will be stored by the body as fat

Easy Ways to Lose Weight Naturally:

• Add Protein to Your Diet.
• Eat Whole, Single-Ingredient Foods.
• Avoid Processed Foods.
• Stock Up on Healthy Foods and Snacks.
• Limit Your Intake of Added Sugar and more...

Mental health refers to cognitive, behavioural, and emotional well-being. It is all about how people think, feel, and behave. People sometimes use the term mental health to mean the absence of a mental disorder.

Symptoms:

Most mental health symptoms have traditionally been divided into groups called either ‘neurotic’ or ‘psychotic’ symptoms. ‘Neurotic’ covers those symptoms which can be regarded as severe forms of ‘normal’ emotional experiences such as depression, anxiety or panic. Conditions formerly referred to as ‘neuroses’ are now more frequently called ‘common mental health problems.’ Less common are ‘psychotic’ symptoms, which interfere with a person’s perception of reality, and may include hallucinations such as seeing, hearing, smelling or feeling things that no one else can. Mental health problems affect the way you think, feel and behave. They are problems that can be diagnosed by a doctor, not personal weaknesses.

A Pediatric cardiologist specializes in caring for children with conditions and diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Pediatric cardiologists diagnose and treat many heart diseases and problems from the fetal period through adulthood, including cardiac arrhythmias and congenital heart disease. When heart surgery is needed, Pediatric cardiologists work closely with specialized Pediatric heart surgeons to provide comprehensive care. Pediatric cardiologists are also experts in preventing and treating risk factors for adult heart disease in children.

Neurologists are medical professionals who specialize in diagnosing and treating conditions that affect the nervous system.

The nervous system has two parts:

• The central nervous system (CNS), which refers to the brain and spinal cord
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all of the nerves outside of the CNS

Paediatric neurology is the branch of medicine that diagnoses and manages babies, children and teenagers who have disorders of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and muscles.

It involves looking after patients who are acutely unwell and require inpatient treatment (often in an intensive care setting), outpatient review of neurological problems and longer-term management of patients with chronic disorders.

Infectious diseases are disorders that are caused by organisms, usually microscopic in size, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that are passed, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Humans can also become infected following exposure to an infected animal that harbors a pathogenic organism that is capable of infecting humans and Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide.

Types of Infectious Diseases:

• Viral Infection
• Viral Infection
• Bacterial Infection
• Fungal Infection
• Prion Infection

Cancer is a broad term. It describes the disease that results when cellular changes cause the uncontrolled growth and division of cells. Some types of cancer cause rapid cell growth, while others cause cells to grow and divide at a slower rate.

Certain forms of cancer result in visible growths called tumours, while others, such as leukemia, do not. Most of the body’s cells have specific functions and fixed lifespans. While it may sound like a bad thing, cell death is part of a natural and beneficial phenomenon called apoptosis and oncology is the specialized branch of medicine devoted to the field of cancer including diagnosis, treatments, and researches. Doctors who treat cancer patients are known as oncologists.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, which means it directly impairs the body’s ability to release and store energy from food. This happens due to problems with insulin production. When a person eats carbohydrates, the body begins to break them down into their simplest form, which is glucose. This glucose then enters the bloodstream, delivering energy to cells around the body. Metabolism refers to the bodily process of extracting energy from food. Diabetes affects metabolism by reducing insulin levels. This in turn prevents the body from storing the energy it gets from food for later use. In type 1 diabetes, this happens because the immune system is attacking the cells that make insulin, which are in the pancreas. In type 2 diabetes, the body stops responding to insulin as well as it should.

Oral health is the health of your mouth, including your teeth, gums, throat, and the bones around the mouth and oral health problems, such as gum disease, might be a sign that you have other health problems. Gum diseases are infections caused by plaque, which is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth.

Dentistry, the profession concerned with the prevention and treatment of oral disease, including diseases of the teeth and supporting structures and diseases of the soft tissues of the mouth. Dentistry also encompasses the treatment and correction of malformation of the jaws, misalignment of the teeth, and birth anomalies of the oral cavity such as cleft palate.

Ophthalmology is a part of medication dealing with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of illnesses of the eye and visual system. Eye, the visual organ of the body is sensitive and fundamental and ophthalmology is the study of medical conditions relating to the eye, ophthalmologists are doctors who specialize in the medical and surgical treatment of this organ.

Eye diseases or disorders are of a wide variety. Cataract, glaucoma, refractive errors are major causes of visual impairment and preventable blindness. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness accounting for 66.2% cases of blindness, and 80.7% of cases of severe visual impairment followed by refractive error and glaucoma.

Common Eye Problems are:

• Eyestrain [tiredness in the eyes]
• Refractive Errors [short-sightedness, farsightedness, distorted vision] - Uncorrected refractive error is a preventable cause of visual impairment in India
• Dry eye syndrome and more…